{"id":974,"date":"2025-12-12T00:18:40","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T00:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/?p=974"},"modified":"2025-12-12T00:19:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T00:19:01","slug":"tension-and-compression-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/resources\/tension-and-compression-testing.html","title":{"rendered":"Spriego\u0161anas un saspie\u0161anas test\u0113\u0161ana"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ievads<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In\u017eenierzin\u0101tn\u0113s materi\u0101li tiek pak\u013cauti da\u017e\u0101da veida slodz\u0113m. Materi\u0101lus var pak\u013caut \u0161\u0101d\u0101m slodz\u0113m: stiepes, saspie\u0161anas, lieces, b\u012bdes vai v\u0113rpes. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 \u0161\u012bs slodzes var at\u0161\u0137irties statiski vai dinamiski. Materi\u0101lam var b\u016bt j\u0101iztur viena vai vair\u0101kas no \u0161\u012bm slodz\u0113m vienlaic\u012bgi. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir j\u0101zina, kuru materi\u0101lu k\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos izmantot. Lai sagrup\u0113tu materi\u0101lus, ar testiem nov\u0113ro to reakciju uz noteikt\u0101m slodz\u0113m, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek atkl\u0101tas materi\u0101lu meh\u0101nisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testus elast\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu ieg\u016b\u0161anai var iedal\u012bt statiskajos un dinamiskajos. Lai tests b\u016btu statisks, sp\u0113ks j\u0101pieliek ar maksim\u0101lo frekvenci 1 Hz, konstanti un tikai vienu reizi. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 spriegums ir nemain\u012bgs, un pagarin\u0101juma koeficients statiskaj\u0101 test\u0101 ir maz\u0101ks par 0,25. \u0160\u0101da veida slodz\u0113m izmanto dinamiskos testus, jo statiskajos testos nevar izveidot piem\u0113rotu modeli p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i main\u012bg\u0101m slodz\u0113m. Dinamiskajos testos slodze ir main\u012bga, un paraugam piem\u0113ro sinusoid\u0101lu deform\u0101ciju. \u0160os testus var veikt ar\u012b augst\u0101 vai zem\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101. Dinamisko testu rezult\u0101t\u0101 tiek ieg\u016bta inform\u0101cija par ciet\u012bbu un sl\u0101p\u0113\u0161anu. M\u0113s varam apl\u016bkot noguruma testus k\u0101 dinamisko testu apak\u0161nozari. Slodzi pieliek cikliski. \u0160os testus veic ar stiepes-vilk\u0161anas, saspie\u0161anas-saspie\u0161anas vai saspie\u0161anas-atgriezenisk\u0101s stiepes cikliem. Noguruma testa rezult\u0101t\u0101 var noteikt materi\u0101lu kalpo\u0161anas laiku. Ar noguruma testu nosaka ar\u012b noguruma iztur\u012bbu un iztur\u012bbu pret plais\u0101\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Spriego\u0161anas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stiepes tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stiepes p\u0101rbaude ir viens no visbie\u017e\u0101k izmantotajiem testiem in\u017eenierzin\u0101tn\u0113s, lai noteiktu materi\u0101lu stipr\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. To veic, lai noteiktu izotropu materi\u0101lu meh\u0101nisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. \u0160\u012b testa pamat\u0101 pamat\u0101 ir stiepes sp\u0113ka pielik\u0161ana paraugam no pret\u0113j\u0101m virsm\u0101m vien\u0101 virzien\u0101 un materi\u0101la sprieguma nov\u0113ro\u0161ana, l\u012bdz materi\u0101ls p\u0101rtr\u016bkst. Stiepes testa rezult\u0101t\u0101 var ieg\u016bt materi\u0101la robe\u017estipr\u012bbu, maksim\u0101lo stiepes iztur\u012bbu, plastiskumu, Junga moduli, b\u012bdes moduli un Poisona koeficientu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spriedzes - deform\u0101cijas l\u012bknes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spriedzes un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bknes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Test\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 materi\u0101lam piem\u0113ro \u0161\u0101du nomin\u0101lo stiepes spriegumu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur F ir stiepes sp\u0113ks un A_0 ir \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma laukums, kas pak\u013cauts spriegojumam. Un deform\u0101ciju defin\u0113 k\u0101;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur L_0 ir materi\u0101la s\u0101kotn\u0113jais garums un \u0394_L ir materi\u0101la pagarin\u0101jums p\u0113c testa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izmantojot test\u0101 ieg\u016bt\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas, tiek ieg\u016bta sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bkne. \u0160\u012b l\u012bkne atkl\u0101j materi\u0101la p\u0101rr\u0101vuma punktu, pl\u016bdenuma robe\u017eu, maksim\u0101lo stiepes iztur\u012bbu un trausluma un stiepes iztur\u012bbas st\u0101vokli. V\u0113l viena priek\u0161roc\u012bba ir t\u0101, ka t\u0101 sniedz inform\u0101ciju neatkar\u012bgi no materi\u0101la izm\u0113riem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iepriek\u0161 att\u0113lotaj\u0101 diagramm\u0101 redzama trausla materi\u0101la sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bkne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai l\u012bk\u0146u s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 da\u013ca ir line\u0101ra. Pl\u016bsmas robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbu ieg\u016bst uz l\u012bknes, kad no punkta, kur pagarin\u0101jums sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bkn\u0113 ir 0,2%, tiek novilkta l\u012bkne, kas ir paral\u0113la l\u012bknes sl\u012bpumam. Maksim\u0101lo spriegumu, ko materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t bez palieko\u0161iem boj\u0101jumiem, varam noteikt, izmantojot t\u0101 pl\u016bdenuma robe\u017eu. L\u012bdz \u0161im punktam objekts ir elast\u012bg\u0101 apgabal\u0101. P\u0113c tam materi\u0101ls non\u0101k plastiskaj\u0101 apgabal\u0101, kur tam rad\u012btie sp\u0113ki izraisa palieko\u0161us boj\u0101jumus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u017eas spriegums<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai atrastu pl\u016bdenuma robe\u017eu, no iedom\u0101t\u0101s l\u012bnijas sl\u012bpuma ieg\u016bstam Junga moduli, kas ir svar\u012bga materi\u0101la \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba. Junga moduli ieg\u016bst, izmantojot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0101kamais vien\u0101dojums att\u0113lo Puasona koeficientu, kas ir horizont\u0101l\u0101 p\u0101rvietojuma un vertik\u0101l\u0101 p\u0101rvietojuma attiec\u012bbas negat\u012bvais lielums:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tests<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca stiepes test\u0101 izmantoto paraugu \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezumu ir par\u0101d\u012bti att\u0113l\u0101. Paraugus var veidot k\u0101 loksnes vai cilindrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no da\u017e\u0101diem materi\u0101liem un m\u0113r\u012bjumu jut\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146iem var izmantot da\u017e\u0101dus iesp\u012bl\u0113\u0161anas veidus. Katrai sasie\u0161anas metodei ir savas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas un tr\u016bkumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161anas tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161anas tests par\u0101da, k\u0101 materi\u0101li uzvedas, kad tiek saspiesti vai saspiesti. Tests parasti ilgst, l\u012bdz viela sabr\u016bk vai l\u012bdz iepriek\u0161 noteiktai robe\u017eai. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ta slodze, ko materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t pirms pl\u012bsuma, un l\u012bdz \u0161im br\u012bdim notiku\u0161\u0101s degrad\u0101cijas pak\u0101pe. Lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu materi\u0101lu, to bie\u017ei kars\u0113 vai atdzes\u0113 un pak\u013cauj daudzu virzienu spiedes sp\u0113kam. Tom\u0113r testus var veikt ar da\u017e\u0101diem iestat\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materi\u0101liem ar augstu stiepes iztur\u012bbu parasti ir zema spiedes iztur\u012bba. \u0160\u0101 iemesla d\u0113\u013c \u0161os materi\u0101lus p\u0101rbauda, veicot spiedes testus. Materi\u0101li, ar kuriem visbie\u017e\u0101k veic spiedes testus, parasti ir trausli materi\u0101li, piem\u0113ram, kompoz\u012bti, betons, koks, met\u0101ls un \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu materi\u0101li; polim\u0113ri, plastmasas un putas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161anas testa rezult\u0101t\u0101 tiek ieg\u016bta sp\u0113ka un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bkne. P\u0113c tam sp\u0113ks tiek p\u0101rv\u0113rsts spriegum\u0101, lai izveidotu sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bkni. \u0160\u012b l\u012bkne ir \u013coti l\u012bdz\u012bga sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bknei stiepes test\u0101. Tikai asis ir sa\u012bsin\u0101juma virzien\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161anas spriegums - % Saspie\u0161anas deform\u0101cija<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u0113\u0137ini, kas veikti stiepes test\u0101, ir der\u012bgi ar\u012b spiedes testam. spiedes spriegumu izsaka k\u0101;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smalcin\u0101\u0161anas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161ana tiek izmantota, lai izteiktu, cik \u013coti materi\u0101ls testa laik\u0101 tika sa\u012bsin\u0101ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izteiksiet saspie\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piet\u016bkums<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzbrie\u0161ana ir p\u0101rbaud\u0101m\u0101 materi\u0101la \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. Lokanie materi\u0101li ir vair\u0101k pak\u013cauti uzbrie\u0161anai. To formaliz\u0113 \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tests<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trausliem materi\u0101liem parasti veic saspie\u0161anas testus. ISO 844 standart\u0101 k\u0101 piem\u0113rs no standartiem ir sniegti cietu putuplastu saspie\u0161anas raksturlielumi. \u0160aj\u0101 standart\u0101 ir nor\u0101d\u012btas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma laukuma v\u0113rt\u012bbas un formas, temperat\u016bras un mitruma v\u0113rt\u012bbas un paredzamie parauga rezult\u0101ti. Spriedzes ir izteiktas kPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saspie\u0161anas elast\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u012bba standart\u0101 ir \u0161\u0101da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160eit \u03c3_e ir sp\u0113ks parast\u0101s elast\u012bg\u0101s zonas beig\u0101s, h_0 ir materi\u0101la s\u0101kotn\u0113jais biezums, un x_e ir ce\u013c\u0161, pa kuru virz\u0101s spriegumu rado\u0161ais sp\u0113ks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101l\u0101k ir min\u0113ti da\u017ei standarti, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ti kompresijas testiem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASTM D575-91 - Standarta testa metodes gumijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu noteik\u0161anai saspie\u017eot<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASTM E9-19 - Met\u0101la materi\u0101lu kompresijas test\u0113\u0161anas standarta test\u0113\u0161anas metodes istabas temperat\u016br\u0101<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TS EN ISO 14126 - Ar \u0161\u0137iedru pastiprin\u0101ti plastmasas kompoz\u012bti - Spiedes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu noteik\u0161ana plaknes virzien\u0101<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tehnikas apraksts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Parauga meh\u0101nisk\u0101s uzved\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu stiepes un saspie\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos var veikt, lai ieg\u016btu materi\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu pamatdatus, kas ir b\u016btiski svar\u012bgi komponentu projekt\u0113\u0161anai un ekspluat\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai. Pras\u012bbas stiepes un spiedes stipr\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m un \u0161o \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu test\u0113\u0161anas metodes ir noteiktas da\u017e\u0101dos standartos da\u017e\u0101diem materi\u0101liem. Test\u0113\u0161anu var veikt ar meh\u0101niski apstr\u0101d\u0101tiem materi\u0101lu paraugiem vai ar faktisko sast\u0101vda\u013cu pilna izm\u0113ra vai m\u0113roga mode\u013ciem. \u0160os testus parasti veic, izmantojot univers\u0101lu meh\u0101nisk\u0101s test\u0113\u0161anas instrumentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stiepes tests ir metode, ar kuru nosaka materi\u0101lu uzved\u012bbu, tos slogojot ar aksi\u0101lu stiepes slodzi. Testus veic, ievietojot paraugu test\u0113\u0161anas apar\u0101t\u0101 un p\u0113c tam, atdalot test\u0113\u0161anas ma\u0161\u012bnas kruste\u0146galvi\u0146as, pieliekot uz paraugu sp\u0113ku. Lai kontrol\u0113tu deform\u0101cijas \u0101trumu testa paraug\u0101, var main\u012bt krustgalvu \u0101trumu. Testa datus izmanto, lai noteiktu stiepes iztur\u012bbu, robe\u017estipr\u012bbu un elast\u012bbas moduli. P\u0113c test\u0113\u0161anas izm\u0113ra parauga izm\u0113rus, lai raksturotu materi\u0101la plastiskumu, ieg\u016bst ar\u012b laukuma samazin\u0101juma un pagarin\u0101juma v\u0113rt\u012bbas. Stiepes testus var veikt daudziem materi\u0101liem, tostarp met\u0101liem, plastmas\u0101m, \u0161\u0137iedr\u0101m, l\u012bmi un gumij\u0101m. Test\u0113\u0161anu var veikt subambienta un paaugstin\u0101t\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101.

Spiedes tests ir metode, ar ko nosaka materi\u0101lu iztur\u012bbas pak\u0101pi, tos slogojot ar spiedes slodzi. Saspie\u0161anas testus veic, noslogojot testa paraugu starp div\u0101m pl\u0101ksn\u0113m, un p\u0113c tam, p\u0101rvietojot \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgalvi\u0146as kop\u0101, uz paraugu iedarbojas ar sp\u0113ku. Testa laik\u0101 paraugs tiek saspiests, un tiek re\u0123istr\u0113ta deform\u0101cija atkar\u012bb\u0101 no pielikt\u0101s slodzes. Saspie\u0161anas testu izmanto, lai noteiktu elast\u012bbas robe\u017eu, proporcion\u0101lo robe\u017eu, tec\u0113juma robe\u017eu, robe\u017estipr\u012bbu un (da\u017eiem materi\u0101liem) spiedes iztur\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u012btisk\u0101 inform\u0101cija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Spiedes iztur\u012bba<\/strong> - Spiedes stipr\u012bba ir maksim\u0101lais spiedes spriegums, ko materi\u0101ls sp\u0113j iztur\u0113t bez pl\u012bsumiem. Trausliem materi\u0101liem testa laik\u0101 rodas l\u016bzumi, un tiem ir noteikta spiedes stipr\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u012bba. Lokanu materi\u0101lu spiedes stipr\u012bbu nosaka p\u0113c to deform\u0101cijas pak\u0101pes test\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elast\u012bbas robe\u017ea<\/strong> - Elast\u012bbas robe\u017ea ir maksim\u0101lais spriegums, ko materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t bez past\u0101v\u012bgas deform\u0101cijas p\u0113c sprieguma no\u0146em\u0161anas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pagarin\u0101jums<\/strong> - Pagarin\u0101jums ir stiepes test\u0101 salauzta parauga past\u0101v\u012bgais pagarin\u0101jums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elast\u012bbas modu\u013ci<\/strong> - Elast\u012bbas modulis ir sprieguma (zem proporcion\u0101l\u0101s robe\u017eas) attiec\u012bba pret deform\u0101ciju, t. i., sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bknes sl\u012bpums. To uzskata par met\u0101la stingr\u012bbas vai st\u012bvuma m\u0113ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proporcion\u0101lais ierobe\u017eojums<\/strong> - Proporcion\u0101l\u0101 robe\u017ea ir liel\u0101kais sprieguma lielums, ko materi\u0101ls sp\u0113j sasniegt, nenovirzoties no sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas l\u012bknes line\u0101r\u0101s sakar\u012bbas, t. i., neradot plastisku deform\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plat\u012bbas samazin\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong> - Plat\u012bbas samazin\u0101jums ir starp\u012bba starp stiepes parauga s\u0101kotn\u0113jo \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma laukumu un maz\u0101ko laukumu p\u0113c testa p\u0113c l\u016bzuma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celms<\/strong> - Deform\u0101cija ir materi\u0101la izm\u0113ra vai formas izmai\u0146as, ko izraisa sp\u0113ks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ienes\u012bguma punkts<\/strong> - Pl\u016bsmas punkts ir spriegums materi\u0101l\u0101 (parasti maz\u0101ks par maksim\u0101lo sasniedzamo spriegumu), pie kura deform\u0101cijas palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s notiek bez sprieguma palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. Pl\u016bsmas punkts ir tikai da\u017eiem met\u0101liem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u017eas iztur\u012bba<\/strong> - Pl\u0101n\u012btsp\u0113ja ir spriegums, pie kura materi\u0101ls uzr\u0101da noteiktu novirzi no line\u0101r\u0101s sprieguma un deform\u0101cijas attiec\u012bbas. Met\u0101liem bie\u017ei izmanto nob\u012bdi 0,2%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maksim\u0101l\u0101 stiepes iztur\u012bba<\/strong> - Maksim\u0101l\u0101 stiepes iztur\u012bba jeb UTS ir maksim\u0101lais stiepes spriegums, ko materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t bez pl\u012bsumiem. To apr\u0113\u0137ina, dalot stiepes testa laik\u0101 pielikto maksim\u0101lo slodzi ar parauga s\u0101kotn\u0113jo \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezuma laukumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tipiski lietojumi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stiepes un saspie\u0161anas<\/strong><\/a> izejmateri\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, lai sal\u012bdzin\u0101tu ar produkta specifik\u0101cij\u0101m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ieg\u016bt datus par materi\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m gal\u012bgo elementu model\u0113\u0161anai vai citai produkta konstrukcijai, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu v\u0113lamo meh\u0101nisko uzved\u012bbu un ekspluat\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sast\u0101vda\u013cu meh\u0101nisk\u0101s veiktsp\u0113jas simul\u0101cija ekspluat\u0101cijas laik\u0101<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pras\u012bbu paraugi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Met\u0101lu un plastmasu standarta stiepes testus veic ar \u012bpa\u0161i sagatavotiem testa paraugiem. \u0160ie paraugi var b\u016bt meh\u0101niski apstr\u0101d\u0101ti cilindriski paraugi vai plakanas pl\u0101ksnes paraugi (su\u0146a kauls). Lai ieg\u016btu atk\u0101rtojamus rezult\u0101tus un atbilstu standarta pras\u012bb\u0101m, testa paraugiem ir j\u0101b\u016bt ar noteiktu garuma un platuma vai diametra attiec\u012bbu testa zon\u0101 (m\u0113rier\u012bc\u0113). testa metode<\/a> pras\u012bbas. Cauru\u013cveida izstr\u0101d\u0101jumus, \u0161\u0137iedras un stieples var test\u0113t stiepes piln\u0101 izm\u0113r\u0101, izmantojot \u012bpa\u0161us stiprin\u0101jumus, kas veicina optim\u0101lu satv\u0113rienu un boj\u0101jumu lokaliz\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais paraugs, ko izmanto kompresijas test\u0113\u0161anai, ir taisns apa\u013c\u0161 cilindrs ar plakaniem galiem. Var izmantot ar\u012b citas formas, tom\u0113r, lai izvair\u012btos no izlieces, tiem ir vajadz\u012bgi \u012bpa\u0161i stiprin\u0101jumi. \u012apa\u0161as konfigur\u0101cijas deta\u013cu test\u0113\u0161anai vai ekspluat\u0101cijas simul\u0101cijai ir atkar\u012bgas no konkr\u0113t\u0101s test\u0113\u0161anas ma\u0161\u012bnas, kas tiks izmantota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp stiepes testa un saspie\u0161anas testa iek\u0101rt\u0101m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stiepes testu gad\u012bjum\u0101 testa ma\u0161\u012bna iedarbojas ar stiepes slodzi vai sp\u0113ku, kas stiepes testa paraugus izvelk \u0161\u0137\u0113rs\u0101m. Plastmasas stiepes test\u0113\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 testa paraugs tiek izvilkts, lai izm\u0113r\u012btu stiepes iztur\u012bbu un citas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, tostarp stingr\u012bbu un tec\u0113\u0161anas robe\u017eu. Past\u0101v vair\u0101ki kop\u012bgi nozares standarti, kas paredz saska\u0146otas plastmasas stiepes testu metodes. ASTM D638 un ISO 527-2 abos standartos ir l\u012bdz\u012bga, bet at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga standartiz\u0113ta testa parauga \u0123eometrija un izm\u0113ri. \u0160ajos testos ir nepiecie\u0161ami stiepes rokturi, ar kuriem paraugs tiek satverts un kas piel\u0101gojas, test\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101 tam izple\u0161oties. \u0160ie piederumi at\u0161\u0137iras no kompresijas stiprin\u0101jumiem. 

Veicot saspie\u0161anas testus, testa ma\u0161\u012bna pieliek spiedes vai saspie\u0161anas slodzi vai sp\u0113ku, lai saspiestu testa paraugu, l\u012bdz tas sal\u016bst vai saspie\u017eas. Polim\u0113ru struktur\u0101lo putu materi\u0101la saspie\u0161anas testus aptver ASTM D1621<\/strong> kur\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts izmantoto kompresijas pl\u0101k\u0161\u0146u un deflektometra tips. Testa paraugu ievieto starp saspie\u0161anas testa pl\u0101ksn\u0113m, l\u012bdz \u0161\u016bnu strukt\u016bra saboj\u0101jas vai pl\u012bst.

Univers\u0101l\u0101 testa ma\u0161\u012bna var veikt gan stiepes, gan saspie\u0161anas testus. Krustenisko galvu var izmantot, lai vilktu vai saspiestu testa paraugu, kas atrodas starp pamatplati un kust\u012bgo galvu.

Ar stiepes testa armat\u016bru jeb satv\u0113rieniem un spriedzes sensoriem (t.s. ekstensometru) nevar veikt saspie\u0161anas testus. Ar\u012b stiepes stiprin\u0101jumi ir \u012bpa\u0161i piel\u0101goti, lai prec\u012bzi atbilstu testa parauga \u0123eometrijai un izm\u0113riem. Ar\u012b kompresijas testa stat\u012bvi un deflektometrs sp\u0113j veikt tikai kompresijas testu, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir nepiecie\u0161ami abi piederumu komplekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ja v\u0113laties vair\u0101k inform\u0101cijas par \u0161o produktu, l\u016bdzu, sazinieties ar mums. <\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction In engineering, materials are exposed to different types of loads. The loads that materials can be subjected to can be listed as tensile, compression, bending, shearing, or twisting. At the same time, these loads can differ statically or dynamically. The material may have to resist one or more of these loads at the same […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=974"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.geo-tester.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}